Hello friend, we are going to learn Weed in full detail in this article and how to effect in our main crop, I tell you how to control unwanted plant with example.
Definition of weed
Those unwanted plant which grow at any place without sowing, causing more less to farmers than profit are called weed.
The Weed word was first coined by Jethro Tull.
Note-
- Jethro Tull also known as Father of tillage.
- The name of Book Written by Jethro Tull Horse Hoeing Husbandry.
- Weed Research Institute is located in Jabalpur (M.P.)
- We use herbicide the most in paddy and Insecticide use in cotton.
Also read: Protein Biochemistry
Classification of weed
(i) On the basis of Life cycle
(A) Annual weed
This unwanted plant which completes its life cycle in one year is called Annual unwanted plant. It is two types.
(a) Kharif weed
Such unwanted plant which grow in kharif season are called kharif unwanted plant. These unwanted plant start growing in June-July and end in September-October.
Ex- wild rice, Cyperus Rotundus, etc.
(b) Ravi weed
Such unwanted plant which grow in Ravi season are called Ravi unwanted plant. there unwanted plant start growing in September-October and end in March-April.
Ex- Chenopodium album, Phalaris minor etc.
(B) Biennial
This unwanted plant which completes its life cycle in two year is called Biennial unwanted plant. This type of unwanted plant has vegetative growth first year and seeds start growing in 2 years.
Ex- Parthenium Hysterophorus, wild carrot etc.
(c) Perennial
This unwanted plant which completes its life cycle in three year is called Perennial .unwanted plant
Ex- carrot unwanted plant, Cyperus Rotundus linn, etc.
(ii) On the basis of Dependency
(a) Independence weed
Unwanted plant that do not depend on any host plant it is called Independence unwanted plant.
Ex- Saccharum spontaneum etc.
(b) Dependent unwanted plant
Unwanted plant which is dependent on host plant root or stem is called dependent Unwanted plant. this is two type.
(A) Stem parasite
Weed that are depended on the only stem host plant is called Stem parasite Unwanted plant.
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Total stem parasite
Chlorophyll is not found in this type of plant and they take their food from the stem of host plant.
Ex- Cuscuta, etc.
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Semi stem Parasite
Chlorophyll is found in this type plant through which they can make food. They take water, mineral, nutrient etc. from the stem of host plant to make their food.
Ex- lorenthousiasm is mostly depended on mangy tree.
(B) Root parasite
Weed that are depended on the only root host plant is called root parasite Unwanted plant.
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Total root parasite
This unwanted plant which is completely dependent on the roots of host plants is called total root parasite Unwanted plant.
Ex- Orobankia etc
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Semi root parasite
This unwanted plant which is dependent on the root of host plant some way is called semi root parasite unwanted plant.
Ex- stringart etc.
(iii) Base on structure of leaf
There are two type of unwanted plant.
(a) Broad leaf
Such unwanted plant Which have wide leaves is called Broad leaf unwanted plant.
Ex- Clover. Bindweed, chickweed etc.
(b) Narrow leaf
Such unwanted plant which have narrow leaves is called narrow leaf unwanted plant.
Ex- Cyperus spp, Foxtail, etc.
Important of weed
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Unwanted plant produce more seed
Weed produce more seed than crop.
Ex- Jungli chaulai
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Having Deeper roots
The root of Unwanted plant go deeper than those of crop.
Ex- The root of Kasa, Hirankhuri is 4-6 meter deep therefor it absorbs nutrient and moisture.
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Greater survival potential of seeds
The Germination capacity of unwanted plant seeds higher than that crops of seeds
Ex- Chenopodium album, hirankhuri, and jangali chaulai seeds up to 50 years, motha 20 years, wield mustered 30-40 years etc..
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Noxious weed
Crop and unwanted plant show same a similarity which keep confusion in our mind.
Ex- Satyanashi, wield jai and mustered look like similar seed.
Note- In 1998, A disease called dropsy spread in Delhi due to mixing of mustered and satyanasi oil, due to which 60 people died and 3000 people become to ill.
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Protective cover over weed
Cuticles are found on the stem or seeds of many unwanted plant.
ex- Satyanashi, Gokhuru
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Vegetative Reproduction
They reproduction from their vegetative parts.
Ex- Motha’s tubers are derived from a piece of Hirankhuri roots.
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Surviving in every type of soil
Many unwanted plant can survive in every type of soil.
Ex- Parthenium Hysterophorus
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Insect disease resistance is higher
The resistance to insect diseases is higher the weeds grater than crop.
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Affected by unfavorable climate
Weed survive even in drought, frost etc. condition while the crop suffers huge losses.
Ex- motha, jharberi etc.
Read also: Herbicide
Method to remove Unwanted plant
(1) Weed Management
When we remove unwanted plant cultivated area and non cultivated are then we are called it Unwanted plant management. in this all the crop completely removed.
(2) Weed Control ,methods
When we have to remove unwanted plant or reduce from our cultivated areas, it known as Unwanted plant control.
(i) Mechanical Method
In this unwanted plant control the unwanted plant with the help of some mechanical Equipment.
Ex- Hand weeding, Hand hoeing, Hand pulling etc.
(ii) Agronomical Method
Keeping economic principal in our mind, we reduce unwanted plant to a grater extent so that there is no harm to our crops.
Ex- use of crop rotation, etc.
(iii) Biological Method
When unwanted plant damaging insect are introduce into the field to control unwanted plant. it is called Biological method. It does not harm the main crop. mostly use fungi or virous to unwanted plant control.
(iv) Chemical method
In this we have use chemical to remove unwanted plant in our field is known as chemical method unwanted plant control.
Ex- Spray herbicide